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How does the switch resolve IP address conflicts?
Many friends mentioned how to prevent IP address conflicts from failing? This is often encountered in actual projects. If the network user does not set the IP address according to the regulations, the IP address conflict phenomenon is inevitable. Once this phenomenon occurs frequently, it will not only affect the efficiency of the Internet access, but also is not conducive to the stability of the LAN network. run.
In order to improve the stability of the LAN operation, we can't wait for the IP address conflict to occur, but we should find a way to deal with it, but we should take the initiative to make the Internet users unable to grab other IP addresses in the LAN.
First, what is the cause of the ip conflict?
The reason for the IP address conflict:
1. Many users do not know how to set parameters such as “IP addressâ€, “subnet maskâ€, “default gatewayâ€, sometimes the user does not get the above parameters from the administrator, or the user unintentionally and privately modifies these. Caused by information;
2. Sometimes when the administrator or the user sets according to the parameters provided by the administrator, the parameter input error due to the error may also cause the situation to occur;
3. The most frequently occurring is caused by the maintenance personnel using the temporary IP address during the maintenance and debugging of the client;
Second, networking examples
Example:
There are about 150 network nodes in the LAN. These network nodes are evenly distributed on six floors. The network nodes in each floor are protected by a 100M twisted pair cable and the common Layer 2 switch. Each common Layer 2 switch passes through 1000M fiber. Cables are connected to the routing switch. To ensure network access security, all network nodes are interconnected with the Internet through a hardware firewall.
Currently, the unit LAN uses the IP address of the 10.168.163.0 network segment: the default gateway address used in the network segment is 10.168.163.1, and the subnet mask address is 255.255.255.0.
Since the network segment can have more than 250 IP addresses, only 150 addresses are actually used in normal work. Obviously, the sufficient address space margin can fully meet the increasing number of workstations.
However, since the unit LAN uses a static address allocation method, whenever the workstation system suddenly crashes or encounters a virus attack and cannot be started normally, the Internet users are free to reinstall the system and modify the Internet address. As a result, IP address conflicts frequently occur in the LAN. This not only seriously affects the normal online access of others, but also increases the maintenance workload of the network administrator.
Third, the solution
In order to effectively prevent the Internet user from arbitrarily changing the IP address, it is intended to use the address binding method to bind the IP address of the workstation to the physical address (MAC) of the corresponding NIC device. However, this method is not the most effective. It is not a cure for the symptoms, because Internet users can still use the method of modifying the physical address of the computer network card to steal other people's IP address. Obviously this is not the most effective solution.
Fourth, how can we effectively solve
analysis
On the core switch, the IP address of the common workstation and the physical address (MAC) of the NIC are bound, but the binding operation is simply performed, and the phenomenon that the Internet user randomly sets the IP address cannot be solved.
After an IP address is set and bound, although the Internet user cannot continue to use this IP address, he can still use the IP address that is idle in the LAN, so that IP address conflict may still occur.
This is also a problem that many network administrators can't understand: after the IP address of all workstations is bound to the corresponding MAC address in the core switch, the address conflict failure cannot be effectively avoided.
In order to completely solve the IP address conflict problem, we need not only bind the IP address that has been assigned in the LAN to the corresponding NIC device. It also needs to bind to those IP addresses that are idle.
In this way, the Internet user can neither use the IP address of the already connected workstation nor use the free IP address in the LAN. Therefore, as long as the Internet user in the LAN arbitrarily changes the IP address, he cannot access the LAN network normally.
However, after this configuration, it also brings another trouble, that is, if there are new users in the LAN that need to access the Internet, they cannot choose the IP address by their own director, but must separately apply to the network administrator for online access. After receiving the application, the administrator needs to log in to enter the switch background management system to assign a number to the idle address, and the Internet user can connect to the LAN normally. Practice has proved that this method can not only effectively avoid the IP address conflict failure, but also effectively prevent the network virus from illegally spreading through the LAN, thus effectively ensuring the stable operation of the LAN!
V. Implementation process
According to the above theoretical analysis, it is intended to bind the default gateway address 10.168.1.143 in the local area network to the corresponding physical address, which can effectively control the burst of ARP virus in the local area network, and then find a way to bind the IP address of the already connected workstation. Operation, and finally bind those IP addresses that are in an idle state to a virtual physical address of the network card, so that the effect of one stone and two birds can be achieved.
1, then how to bind ip address and mac physical address?
First enter cmd to enter the command config, then enter the command ipconfig / all to view the local ip and mac address.
Enter the string command "arp -s 10.168.1.1 34-F3-9A-2B-9E-13" to bind.
Then enter the command arp -a to query whether the binding is successful.
Obviously, the default gateway address 10.168.1.143 is successfully bound to 36-F3-9A-2B-9E-13, the MAC address is up. If other workstations use the 10.168.1.143 address when they go online in the future, they will not be able to access the Internet. The failure phenomenon, so that the stability of the entire LAN can be guaranteed.
In order to prevent users from robbing other IP addresses, we need to bind the 150 network node addresses that have been connected to the Internet. Due to the large number of addresses to be bound, we simply rely on manual methods to obtain the physical address and IP address of each workstation's network card. The workload will be very large. Therefore, in the global configuration state of the switch background system, execute the "display arp" string command, and copy the contents of the displayed switch ARP table to the local chronicle edit window. After simple editing and modification, copy and paste the modified ARP table content into the switch ARP table, so that the binding task of the Internet workstation address can be quickly completed.
2, bind the idle ip address
For the remaining 100 or so free IP addresses, we can manually bind each idle IP address to the virtual MAC address manually, for example, to bind the 10.168.1.156 address to 07-1e-33-ea. On -89-75, we can execute the string command "arp 10.168.1.143 07 1e 33 ea 89 75" in the global configuration state of the switch backend system. Then we bind other free IP addresses in the same way. Go to the virtual MAC address 07 1e 33 ea 89 75.
3, for new users, you can release the ip address to him
After completing the above address binding task, no user can change the IP address at will. If there is a new user who needs to use the free 10.168.1.156 address to access the Internet, the network administrator can follow the steps below to 10.168. 1.156 address is released from the list of bound addresses:
a. First, execute the “system†command on the routing switch background management system to switch the system state to the global configuration state. In this state, enter the string command “display arp†and click the Enter key to display the ARP from the subsequent ARP. Check if the 10.168.1.156 address is idle in the list. If the target IP address is idle, we can continue with the following release steps:
b. Next, enter the string command “no arp 10.168.1.156 07 1e 33 ea 89 75 arpaâ€. After clicking the Enter key, the target IP address 10.168.1.156 is released from the address binding list.
c. The following indicates the 10.168.1.156 address to the user who needs to access the Internet, and asks him to set the IP address to the corresponding workstation system, so that the newly added user can smoothly access the unit LAN network;
d. After the background management system of the core switch, continue to execute the string command “display arp in 10.168.1.156â€. From the result interface returned later, we can view the physical address of the NIC corresponding to the address 10.168.1.156 as 00-bb. -eb-c3-c6-d0;
e. After obtaining the MAC address, we can continue to execute the string command “arp 10.168.1.156 00 bb eb c3 c6 d0 arpaâ€, so that the IP address of the new Internet user and the physical address of the network card are successfully bound together. ,
In the end, run the string commands quit and save to save the configuration to the switch system and end the switch configuration task.