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Studies have shown that the size value of wheat bulk density is closely related to various ecological conditions and wheat amylose determination. The weight density and latitude, the daily average temperature from tasselling to maturity, and the total sunshine hours are positively correlated and reach significant levels. Studies by overseas, such as Joe Lauer, have shown that postponing corn harvest does not increase the bulk density. Gan et al.'s study also showed that wet weather in Canada often leads to a delay in the harvest period of spring wheat, resulting in a decrease in bulk density that affects grade quality.
The bulk density, grain specific gravity and grain weight of corn decreased as the planting density increased, while the fragility rate increased. Domestic studies have also shown that there is a highly significant negative correlation between planting density and bulk density (r=-0.9807). Oikeh et al. (1998) showed that the response of the bulk density to nitrogen application varied with the interannual and varietal variation, and the effect of variety on corn seed weight was greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer.
In addition, the measurement methods and rules for bulk density also influence the change in bulk density. When the test of bulk density index specifies that the sample temperature is below 0°C (inclusive), the actual bulk density of the corn with water content below 23% (inclusive) is the measured bulk density, which also brings some problems to the farmers. Wang Hong and other tests showed that the bulk density measured by the Chinese test method is 24~30g/l higher than the value measured by the US standard method, which is one grade difference. Low-moisture corn can be measured at any temperature, and high-moisture corn (above 18%) is required to be measured between 0°C and 5°C under thawing conditions. When the moisture content is as high as about 23%, the seeds freeze at a low temperature, the surface is smooth, and the embryos are raised. When the temperature rises back to 0°C, the surface of the daughter particles dew condensation quickly, affecting the measurement. However, when the water content is 23%, the free water is free from the critical point, and the saturated free water immediately precipitates when the temperature rises to 0°C, affecting the measurement of the bulk density. This law is called the "freeze law."
The relationship between corn bulk density and external environment
Two common causes of low bulk density caused by the use of corn bulk density testing are as follows: First, due to the influence of natural disasters such as frost, hail, or pests and diseases in the field, the grain filling and maturation process is hindered, resulting in the dehydration of the starch molecules within the grain and the grain volume. The natural process of contraction is hindered. Although the artificial drying process removes excess water, the starch molecules no longer contract, the grain size does not change significantly, and the bulk density decreases. The second is that the grain matures naturally in the field and dries up to a certain moisture content. However, sometimes it rains, damps or fogs, etc., causing the grain to start brewing and germinating before harvesting, digesting and absorbing nutrients such as fat, starch and protein in the grain. Energy and nutrients. This process takes up most of the space inside the grain. Although the grain can still be dried in the field, the size of the grain no longer changes, and the small internal space leads to a reduction in the bulk density. The maximum bulk density value was obtained during the first dry weight formation of the grain and still maintained a high moisture content. The temperature has little effect on the bulk density (when the water content is low). When the moisture content is greater than 18%, the bulk density decreases more significantly. The effect of temperature on high moisture corn is particularly significant, and the situation is complex and changeable. It has also been reported in foreign countries that late drought during the corn growing season has caused a decrease in the bulk density of corn by affecting grain filling.